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Statistical Calculations

Perform the steps below to start a statistical calculation.

1. Press , select the Statistics Mode icon, and then press .

2. On the Select Type screen that appears, press one of the keys below to select a statistical calculation type.

(1-Variable) Single-variable (x)
(y=a+bx) Paired-variable (x, y), linear regression
(y=a+bx+cx2) Paired-variable (x, y), quadratic regression
(y=a+b・ln(x)) Paired-variable (x, y), logarithmic regression
(y=a・e^(bx)) Paired-variable (x, y), e exponential regression
(y=a・b^x) Paired-variable (x, y), ab exponential regression
(y=a・x^b) Paired-variable (x, y), power regression
(y=a+b/x) Paired-variable (x, y), inverse regression

Performing any of the above key operations displays the Statistics Editor.


Note

When you want to change the calculation type after entering the Statistics Mode, perform the key operation (Select Type) to display the calculation type selection screen.

Inputting Data with Statistics Editor

Statistics Editor

There are two Statistics Editor formats, depending on the type of statistical calculation you selected.

  • Single-variable

  • Paired-variable

The first line of the Statistics Editor shows the value for the first sample or the values for their first pair of samples.

Freq (Frequency) Column

If you turn on the Statistics setting on the setup menu, a column labeled “Freq” will also be included on the Statistics Editor.
You can use the Freq column to specify the frequency (the number of times the same sample appears in the group of data) of each sample value.

  • Single-variable

  • Paired-variable

Rules for Inputting Sample Data on the Statistics Editor

Data you input is inserted into the cell where the cursor is located. Use the cursor keys to move the cursor between cells.

After inputting a value, press . This registers the value and displays up to six of its digits in the currently selected cell.


Example 1: To input the value 1234 in cell X1

(Move the cursor to cell X1.)

  • 1234
  • The value you input appears in the formula area.
  • Registering a value causes the cursor to move down one cell.

Example 2: To select logarithmic regression and input the following data: (170, 66), (173, 68), (179, 75)

  • (Select Type)(y=a+b・ln(x))
  • 170173179
    666875

Statistics Editor Input Precautions

The number of lines in Statistics Editor (the number of sample data values you can input) depends on the type of statistical calculation you selected, and on the Statistics setting on the setup menu.

Statistics setting calculation type
Off
(No Freq column)
On
(Freq column)
Single-variable 160 lines 80 lines
Paired-variable 80 lines 53 lines

Pressing the key while the Statistics Editor is on the screen will display a statistical calculation screen for performing calculations based on the input data. What you need to do to return to the Statistics Editor from the statistical calculation screen depends on the calculation type you selected. Press (Data) if you selected single-variable or (Data) if you selected paired-variable.


Precautions Concerning Sample Data Storage

All data currently input in the Statistics Editor is deleted whenever you exit the Statistics Mode, switch between the single-variable and a paired-variable statistical calculation type, or change the Statistics setting on the setup menu.

Editing Sample Data

To replacing the data in a cell

1. On the Statistics Editor, move the cursor to the cell you want to edit.

2. Input the new data value or expression, and then press .


Important!

Note that you must totally replace the existing data of the cell with new input. You cannot edit parts of the existing data.


To delete a line

1. On the Statistics Editor, move the cursor to the line you want to delete.

2. Press .


To insert a line

1. On the Statistics Editor, move the cursor to the line that will be under the line you will insert.

2. Press (Editor).

3. Press (Insert Row).


Important!

Note that the insert operation will not work if the maximum number of lines allowed for the Statistics Editor are already used.


To delete all Statistics Editor contents

1. On the Statistics Editor, press (Editor).

2. Press (Delete All).

Statistical Calculation Screen

The statistical calculation screen is for performing statistical calculations with the data you input with the Statistics Editor. Pressing the key while the Statistics Editor is displayed switches to the statistical calculation screen.

Using the Statistical Menu

While the Statistics Editor or statistical calculation screen is on the display, press to display the statistical menu.
The content to the statistical menu depends on whether the currently selected statistical operation type uses a single variable or paired variables.


Statistics Editor: Single-variable

Select this menu item: When you want to do this:
(Select Type) Display the statistical calculation type selection screen
(Editor) Display the Editor sub-menu for editing Statistics Editor contents
(1-Variable Calc) Display statistical values based on input data
(Statistics Calc) Display the statistical calculation screen

Statistics Editor: Paired-variable

Select this menu item: When you want to do this:
(Select Type) Display the statistical calculation type selection screen
(Editor) Display the Editor sub-menu for editing Statistics Editor contents
(2-Variable Calc) Display statistical values based on input data
(Regression Calc) Display regression calculation results based on input data
(Statistics Calc) Display the statistical calculation screen

Statistical calculation screen: Single-variable

Select this menu item: When you want to do this:
(Select Type) Display the statistical calculation type selection screen
(1-Variable Calc) Display statistical values based on input data
(Data) Display the Statistics Editor
(Summation) Display the Summation sub-menu of commands for calculating sums
(Variable) Display the Variable sub-menu of commands for calculating the mean, standard deviation, etc.
(Min/Max) Display the Min/Max sub-menu of commands for obtaining maximum and minimum values

Statistical calculation screen: Paired-variable

Select this menu item: When you want to do this:
(Select Type) Display the statistical calculation type selection screen
(2-Variable Calc) Display statistical values based on input data
(Regression Calc) Display regression calculation results based on input data
(Data) Display the Statistics Editor
(Summation) Display the Summation sub-menu of commands for calculating sums
(Variable) Display the Variable sub-menu of commands for calculating the mean, standard deviation, etc.
(Min/Max) Display the Min/Max sub-menu of commands for obtaining maximum and minimum values
(Regression) Display the Regression sub-menu of commands for regression calculations

Displaying Statistical Values Based On Input Data

  • From the Statistics Editor:
    (1-Variable Calc or 2-Variable Calc)
    From the statistical calculation screen:
    (1-Variable Calc or 2-Variable Calc)

Displaying Regression Calculation Results Based On Input Data (Paired-Variable Data Only)

  • From the Statistics Editor:
    (Regression Calc)
    From the statistical calculation screen:
    (Regression Calc)

Single-variable Statistical Calculation Commands

The following are the commands that appear on the sub-menus that appear when you select Summation, Variable, or Min/Max on the statistical menu while a single-variable statistical calculation type is selected.

The following is the calculation formula used for each command.


Summation Sub-menu ((Summation))

Select this menu item: When you want to obtain this:
x) Sum of the sample data
x2) Sum of squares of the sample data

Variable Sub-menu ((Variable))

Select this menu item: When you want to obtain this:
(x) Mean of the sample data
(σ2x) Population variance
(σx) Population standard deviation
(s2x) Sample variance
(sx) Sample standard deviation
(n) Number of items

Min/Max Sub-menu ((Min/Max))

Select this menu item: When you want to obtain this:
(min(x)) Minimum value
(Q1) First quartile
(Med) Median
(Q3) Third quartile
(max(x)) Maximum value

Single-variable Statistical Calculation Examples

Select single-variable and input the following data: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} (Statistics: On)

  • (Select Type)(1-Variable)
  • 12345678910

Edit the data to the following, using insert and delete: {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10}

  • (Data)
  • (Editor)
  • (Insert Row)

Edit the Freq data to the following: {1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1}

  • (Data)
  • 2222342

Display statistical values based on input data.

  • (1-Variable Calc)

Calculate sum of squares of the sample data and sum of the sample data.

  • (Summation)
  • x2)
  • (Summation)
    x)

Calculate number of samples, mean, and population standard deviation.

  • (Variable)
  • (n)
  • (Variable)
    (x)
  • (Variable)
    (σx)

Calculate minimum value and maximum value.

  • (Min/Max)
  • (min(x))
  • (Min/Max)
    (max(x))

Linear Regression Calculation (y=a+bx) Commands

With linear regression, regression is performed in accordance with the following model equation.

y = a + bx

The following is the calculation formula used for each command.

Summation Sub-menu ((Summation))

Select this menu item: When you want to obtain this:
x) Sum of the x-data
x2) Sum of squares of the x-data
y) Sum of the y-data
y2) Sum of squares of the y-data
xy) Sum of products of the x-data and y-data
x3) Sum of cubes of the x-data
x2y) Sum of (x-data squares × y-data)
x4) Sum of biquadrate of the x-data

Variable Sub-menu ((Variable))

Select this menu item: When you want to obtain this:
(x) Mean of the x-data
(σ2x) Population variance of the x-data
(σx) Population standard deviation of the x-data
(s2x) Sample variance of the x-data
(sx) Sample standard deviation of the x-data
(n) Number of items
(y) Mean of the y-data
(σ2y) Population variance of the y-data
(σy) Population standard deviation of the y-data
(s2y) Sample variance of the y-data
(sy) Sample standard deviation of the y-data

Min/Max Sub-menu ((Min/Max))

Select this menu item: When you want to obtain this:
(min(x)) Minimum value of the x-data
(max(x)) Maximum value of the x-data
(min(y)) Minimum value of the y-data
(max(y)) Maximum value of the y-data

Regression Sub-menu ((Regression))

Select this menu item: When you want to obtain this:
(a) Regression coefficient constant term a
(b) Regression coefficient b
(r) Correlation coefficient r
(xˆ) Estimated value of x
(yˆ) Estimated value of y

Linear Regression Calculation Examples

Select linear regression and input the following data (Statistics: Off)

x y   x y
1.0 1.0   2.1 1.5
1.2 1.1   2.4 1.6
1.5 1.2   2.5 1.7
1.6 1.3   2.7 1.8
1.9 1.4   3.0 2.0
  • (Select Type)(y=a+bx)
  • 11.21.51.61.9
    2.12.42.52.73

  • 11.11.21.31.4
    1.51.61.71.82

Display statistical values based on input data.

  • (2-Variable Calc)

Display regression calculation results based on input data.

  • (Regression Calc)

Calculate sum of products of the x-data and y-data, Population standard deviation of the x-data, and maximum value of the y-data.

  • (Summation)
  • xy)
  • (Variable)
  • (σx)
  • (Min/Max)
  • (max(y))

Calculate regression coefficient constant term a, regression coefficient b, and correlation coefficient r.

  • (Regression)
  • (a)
  • (Regression)
    (b)
  • (Regression)
    (r)

Calculate estimated values.

(y=-3 → xˆ=?)

  • 3(Regression)
  • (xˆ)

(x=2 → yˆ=?)

  • 2(Regression)
    (yˆ)

Quadratic Regression Calculation (y=a+bx+cx2) Commands

With quadratic regression, regression is performed in accordance with the following model equation.

y = a + bx + cx2

The following is the calculation formula used for each command.

Summation Sub-menu, Variable Sub-menu, and Min/Max Sub-menu operations are the same those for linear regression calculations.

Regression Sub-menu ((Regression))

Select this menu item: When you want to obtain this:
(a) Regression coefficient constant term a
(b) Linear coefficient b of the regression coefficients
(c) Quadratic coefficient c of the regression coefficients
(xˆ1) Estimated value of x1
(xˆ2) Estimated value of x2
(yˆ) Estimated value of y

Quadratic Regression Calculation Examples

Select quadratic regression and input the following data (Statistics: Off)

x y   x y
1.0 1.0   2.1 1.5
1.2 1.1   2.4 1.6
1.5 1.2   2.5 1.7
1.6 1.3   2.7 1.8
1.9 1.4   3.0 2.0
  • (Select Type)(y=a+bx+cx2)
  • 11.21.51.61.9
    2.12.42.52.73

  • 11.11.21.31.4
    1.51.61.71.82

Display statistical values based on input data.

  • (2-Variable Calc)

Display regression calculation results based on input data.

  • (Regression Calc)

Calculate regression coefficient constant term a, linear coefficient b, and quadratic coefficient c.

  • (Regression)
  • (a)
  • (Regression)
    (b)
  • (Regression)
    (c)

Logarithmic Regression Calculation (y=a+b・ln(x)) Commands

With logarithmic regression, regression is performed in accordance with the following model equation.

y = a + blnx

The following is the calculation formula used for each command.

Summation Sub-menu, Variable Sub-menu, Min/Max Sub-menu, and Regression Sub-menu operations are the same those for linear regression calculations.

Logarithmic Regression Calculation Examples

Select logarithmic regression and input the following data (Statistics: Off)

x y
29 1.6
50 23.5
74 38.0
103 46.4
118 48.9
  • (Select Type)(y=a+b・ln(x))
  • 295074103118

  • 1.623.53846.448.9

Display statistical values based on input data.

  • (2-Variable Calc)

Display regression calculation results based on input data.

  • (Regression Calc)

Calculate regression coefficient constant term a, regression coefficient b, and correlation coefficient r.

  • (Regression)
  • (a)
  • (Regression)
    (b)
  • (Regression)
    (r)

Calculate estimated values.

(y=73 → xˆ=?)

  • 73(Regression)
  • (xˆ)

(x=80 → yˆ=?)

  • 80(Regression)
    (yˆ)

e Exponential Regression Calculation (y=a・e^(bx)) Commands

With e exponential regression, regression is performed in accordance with the following model equation.

y = aebx

The following is the calculation formula used for each command.

Summation Sub-menu, Variable Sub-menu, Min/Max Sub-menu, and Regression Sub-menu operations are the same those for linear regression calculations.

e Exponential Regression Calculation Examples

Select e exponential regression and input the following data (Statistics: Off)

x y
6.9 21.4
12.9 15.7
19.8 12.1
26.7 8.5
35.1 5.2
  • (Select Type)(y=a・e^(bx))
  • 6.912.919.826.735.1

  • 21.415.712.18.55.2

Display statistical values based on input data.

  • (2-Variable Calc)

Display regression calculation results based on input data.

  • (Regression Calc)

Calculate regression coefficient constant term a, regression coefficient b, and correlation coefficient r.

  • (Regression)
  • (a)
  • (Regression)
    (b)
  • (Regression)
    (r)

Calculate estimated values.

(y=20 → xˆ=?)

  • 20(Regression)
  • (xˆ)

(x=16 → yˆ=?)

  • 16(Regression)
    (yˆ)

ab Exponential Regression Calculation (y=a・b^x) Commands

With ab exponential regression, regression is performed in accordance with the following model equation.

y = abx

The following is the calculation formula used for each command.

Summation Sub-menu, Variable Sub-menu, Min/Max Sub-menu, and Regression Sub-menu operations are the same those for linear regression calculations.

ab Exponential Regression Calculation Examples

Select ab exponential regression and input the following data (Statistics: Off)

x y
-1 0.24
3 4
5 16.2
10 513
  • (Select Type)(y=a・b^x)
  • 13510

  • 0.24416.2513

Display statistical values based on input data.

  • (2-Variable Calc)

Display regression calculation results based on input data.

  • (Regression Calc)

Calculate regression coefficient constant term a, regression coefficient b, and correlation coefficient r.

  • (Regression)
  • (a)
  • (Regression)
    (b)
  • (Regression)
    (r)

Calculate estimated values.

(y=1.02 → xˆ=?)

  • 1.02(Regression)
  • (xˆ)

(x=15 → yˆ=?)

  • 15(Regression)
    (yˆ)

Power Regression Calculation (y=a・x^b) Commands

With power regression, regression is performed in accordance with the following model equation.

y = axb

The following is the calculation formula used for each command.

Summation Sub-menu, Variable Sub-menu, Min/Max Sub-menu, and Regression Sub-menu operations are the same those for linear regression calculations.

Power Regression Calculation Examples

Select power regression and input the following data (Statistics: Off)

x y
28 2410
30 3033
33 3895
35 4491
38 5717
  • (Select Type)(y=a・x^b)
  • 2830333538

  • 24103033389544915717

Display statistical values based on input data.

  • (2-Variable Calc)

Display regression calculation results based on input data.

  • (Regression Calc)

Calculate regression coefficient constant term a, regression coefficient b, and correlation coefficient r.

  • (Regression)
  • (a)
  • (Regression)
    (b)
  • (Regression)
    (r)

Calculate estimated values.

(y=1000 → xˆ=?)

  • 1000(Regression)
  • (xˆ)

(x=40 → yˆ=?)

  • 40(Regression)
    (yˆ)

Inverse Regression Calculation (y=a+b/x) Commands

With inverse regression, regression is performed in accordance with the following model equation.

y = a + bx

The following is the calculation formula used for each command.

Summation Sub-menu, Variable Sub-menu, Min/Max Sub-menu, and Regression Sub-menu operations are the same those for linear regression calculations.

Inverse Regression Calculation Examples

Select inverse regression and input the following data (Statistics: Off)

x y
1.1 18.3
2.1 9.7
2.9 6.8
4.0 4.9
4.9 4.1
  • (Select Type)(y=a+b/x)
  • 1.12.12.944.9

  • 18.39.76.84.94.1

Display statistical values based on input data.

  • (2-Variable Calc)

Display regression calculation results based on input data.

  • (Regression Calc)

Calculate regression coefficient constant term a, regression coefficient b, and correlation coefficient r.

  • (Regression)
  • (a)
  • (Regression)
    (b)
  • (Regression)
    (r)

Calculate estimated values.

(y=15 → xˆ=?)

  • 15(Regression)
  • (xˆ)

(x=3.5 → yˆ=?)

  • 3.5(Regression)
    (yˆ)
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